Types Of Trade Unions Commerce Essay

Sorts Of Trade Unions Commerce Essay A worker's organization is an association of representatives framed on a constant reason to make sure about various scope of advantages. It is a constant relationship of breadwinners to keep up and improving the states of their working lives. Worker's organization implies blend, regardless of whether transitory or changeless, framed (I) essentially to manage the connection between (a) laborers and businesses, or (b) among laborers and laborers, or (c) among bosses and managers, or (ii) for forcing prohibitive conditions and the direct of any exchange or business, and incorporates any league of at least two worker's guilds. Sorts OF TRADE UNIONS Since the development of associations are unconstrained and programmed there is no positive arrangement that is followed everywhere throughout the nation. Anyway for away from of separation the associations have been ordered into the accompanying classifications. Modern associations Modern unionism is a worker's organization sorting out strategy through which all specialists in a similar industry are composed into a similar association paying little heed to ability or exchange along these lines giving laborers one industry, or in all businesses, more influence in bartering and in strike circumstances. For instance:- FireBrigadeUnion the National Union of Miners (N.U.M), covering laborers at all levels in the chain of importance b) General associations. A General Union is a worker's organization which speaks to laborers from all businesses and organizations, as opposed to only one association or a specific division, as in a specialty association or modern association For instance:- Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) cleaners, administrative staff, transport laborers C) Craft associations. Specialty unionism alludes to sorting out a worker's organization in a way that tries to bring together laborers in a specific industry along the lines of the specific art or exchange that they work in by class or aptitude level. It stands out from mechanical unionism, in which all specialists in a similar industry are composed into a similar association, paying little mind to contrasts in expertise. For instance: Musician Unions D) White Collars Union : These are for clerical (or proficient) laborers who play out the equivalent or comparable undertakings in various enterprises. It speaks to office laborers For instance:. National Union of Teachers HISTORY The seeds for the improvement of worker's organization in India were planted with the development of industrialization. As the philanthropic development came to India in the nineteenth century, specialist bunches made a few endeavors to improve their working conditions. The British acquainted this development in India with partition Indian managers and representatives and beat nearby rivalry. Endeavors were likewise made to destroy kid work in India. The British Government was at long last constrained to pass a goals against utilizing kids between the ages of seven to twelve for over nine hours every day. The exchange unionism India grew gradually when contrasted with the western countries. So far as the subject of arrangement and improvement of Trade Unions in India is concerned, its need was acknowledged from 1875 onwards by givers, social specialists like Shri Soirabji Shapaji Bengalle and Shri N.M. Lokhandey. Indian Trade Union development can be separated into three stages. The First Phase (1850 to1900) During this stage the initiation of worker's guilds occurred. During this period, the working and day to day environments of the work were poor and their working hours were long. Business people were just keen on their efficiency and gainfulness. Likewise, the wages were additionally low and general monetary conditions were poor in businesses. Endeavors towards sorting out the laborers were made during the early time of modern advancement on helpful grounds.In request to direct the working hours and other assistance states of the Indian material workers; the Indian Factories Act was instituted in 1881. Subsequently, work of youngster work was denied. The development of worker's guild development was delayed in this stage and later on the Indian Factory Act of 1881 was corrected in 1891. Numerous strikes occurred in the two decades following 1880 in every single mechanical city. These strikes instructed laborers to comprehend the intensity of joined activity despite the fact that there was no association in genuine terms. Little affiliations like Bombay Mill-Hands Association came up at this point. The Second Phase (1900 to 1946) This stage was described by the advancement of composed worker's organizations and political developments of the regular workers. A couple of worker's guilds like The Printers Union, Calcutta (1905) the Bombay Postal Union (1907) and so forth were shaped. Somewhere in the range of 1918 and 1923, numerous associations appeared in the nation. At Ahmedabad, under the direction of Mahatma Gandhi, word related associations like spinners associations and weavers associations were shaped. A strike was propelled by these associations under the administration of Mahatma Gandhi who transformed it into a satyagrah. These associations unified into modern association known as Textile Labor Association in 1920. In 1920, the First National Trade association (The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)) was built up. Huge numbers of the pioneers of this association were pioneers of the national Movement. In 1926, Trade association law thought of the endeavors of Mr. N.M Joshi that got usable from 192 7. During 1928, All India Trade Union Federation (AITUF) was shaped. Other than Gandhi, the Whitly Commission on Labor in India (1929-31) had likewise brought up that the Modem industrialism is itself of western importation and the troubles which it makes for work in India are like the challenges it has made somewhere else. In these conditions the Commission understood that it is capacity to consolidate that work has the main powerful defend against misuse and the main enduring protection from brutal conditions. Also the Commission didn't discover a proof of any elective cure that is probably going to demonstrate successful. So it underscored that the need of association among Indian laborers is incredible and it further suggested that only a solid Trade Union development will give the Indian regular workers satisfactory assurance. The Third Phase (After 1947) The third stage started with the development of free India (in 1947). The segment of nation influenced the worker's guild development especially Bengal and Punjab. The Planning Commission drafted its initial multi year plan, setting in that fundamental focuses of creation modern just as agrarian to be accomplished during the following five years. For having mechanical progression, Industrial Policy Resolution in 1948, was additionally arranged. As the monetary advancement is bound up with the Industrial harmony so for the effective usage of the plans, especially in the economy composed for arranged creation and dissemination, the co-activity from Trade Unions was viewed as significant at various phases of the execution of the plans. As needs be, it was understood that the subject of upkeep of smooth modern relations was not an issue among businesses and representatives alone. Be that as it may, it was an essential worry of the network. Accordingly their relationship must be of an ass ociation in this valuable undertaking. This was the motivation behind why it was given in the initial multi year plan that the respect of work must be perceived with the goal that the laborers who by virtue of difficulties of absence of education and numbness and absence of chances have not had the option to assume as viable a job in the working of industry as they should, could comprehend and complete their obligation and could take an expanding share in the business. In like manner the laborers right of affiliation, association and aggregate bartering was acknowledged and it was set down in this arrangement that they (Trade associations) ought to be invited and assisted with working as a vital part of the modern framework. The need of Trade Unions was so much thought about that no distinction between the laborers working in exclusive businesses or in openly claimed ventures was made. By 1949, four focal worker's organization associations were working in the nation The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) The Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) The Hindu Mazdoor Sangh (HMS) The United Trade Union Congress (UTUC) The common laborers development was likewise politicized along the lines of ideological groups. For example Indian national worker's organization Congress (INTUC) is the worker's guild arm of the Congress Party. The AITUC is the worker's guild arm of the Communist Party of India. Other than laborers, salaried representatives, bosses and chiefs are additionally sorted out by the worker's organizations, as in the Banking, Insurance and Petroleum enterprises. OBJECTIVE The goals of the worker's guilds by and large are: I . They take a stab at accomplishing higher wages and better conditions for the individuals. 2. They not just limit the vulnerability of the individual specialists by making them stand all in all and expanding their opposition power through aggregate haggling yet in addition secure their part against exploitation or unfairness of the businesses. 3. They give the laborer fearlessness and an inclination that they are not just a sign in the machine. 4. They assimilate a feeling of truthfulness and control in the laborers 5. They likewise take up government assistance measures for improving the spirit of the laborers. 6. They request an expanding share for laborers in the administration of mechanical undertakings. They help in raising the status of laborers as accomplices of Industry and as residents of the general public. This is another significant zone, which greatly affects the modern relations framework. Work enactment has been instrumental in forming the course of modern relations in India. Foundation of social equity has been the guideline, which has guided the starting point and improvement of work enactment in India. The setting up of the International Labor Organization gave a driving force to the thought o

Hamlet, Part 6 Applying Literary Criticism Flashcard

Hamlet, Part 6: Applying Literary Criticism

Home to Harlem essays

Home to Harlem expositions Home to Harlem is the narrative of two youthful dark men, Jake and Ray, who endeavor to get by while getting a charge out of all the delights of Harlem during the tallness of the Harlem Renaissance. McKay's tale obviously shows that the Renaissance was something other than a scholarly and imaginative development that experienced childhood in Harlem during the 1910s and 1920s. With his two assorted characters, McKay appears there were a wide range of components making the Harlem Renaissance, from the less-instructed outsider, for example, Jake, who lives basically for joy and self-delight, to the scholarly Ray, who fantasies about being an essayist. He isn't as gluttonous as Jake, and he is torn between the white man's reality, where he doesn't fit in, and the Harlem world, where he doesn't exactly fit in either. Beam embodies numerous blacks of the time, who were attempting to better themselves and ascend above their conditions, while Jake typifies numerous different blacks, who essentially lived for the occasion, and delighted in sex, jazz, and nourishment and drink. Ordinarily, the impression today is that a great many people living in Harlem during the Renaissance resembled Ray, and endeavoring to learn, develop, and make their lives better. McKay needed to show the opposite side of Harlem - the individuals who were not keen on the scholarly resurrection of their neighborhood. They were just keen on the nightlife, the men's clubs, and the inverse sex. There were two unique universes in Harlem, and McKay perfectly investigates For all his absence of instruction, Jake may see life all the more all things considered than Ray ever will. As Ray is going to leave, he talks about their contrasts, and his absence of instruction. He says, And I mighta helped mah li'l sister to get edjucated, as well (she should be a li'l lady, presently), and she would be pleasant talking like you, sweet earthy colored, adequate foh you to hitch up with. At that point we could all settle down and bring in cash like edjucated ... <!

Is SAT Test Preparation Necessary

Is SAT Test Preparation Necessary? Do You Need SAT Test Prep? The National Association for College Admission Counseling (NACAC) studied the impact of paid preparation for college admissions tests and its impact on student scores. While the study found that student scores did go up, they went up minimally. For some students, a 10-20 point gain in the math section and a 5-10 point gain in the reading section could prove to be fairly significant, particularly when those students want to get into a high stakes school or just barely miss the cutoff for admission or a major scholarship. However, for most students, that amount of difference in scores may not make much of a difference at all. Related Articles What Is the SAT Test? What Is the SAT Test? Guide to the New SAT Changes for Teens Guide to the New SAT Changes for Teens What Is the ACT Test? What Is the ACT Test? Avoid Unofficial Tests In order to raise their SAT scores, students must also have a previous SAT score. While some companies have students take mock tests throughout the program and compare their scores, parents and students should not rely on these tests. After all, many of the companies design their own mock SAT tests and some have been known to doctor their tests to provide lower scores at the beginning of the program and inflated scores at the end of the program to give students a faulty sense of accomplishment. Students who have time to take the SAT multiple times may do best to take the test once on their own before determining whether they need to seek out a test prep course, system, or book to improve their score. SAT Prep Courses, Systems, and Books If you feel you need to prep for the SAT, you have numerous options at your disposal. However, not all options have been created equal. While the NACAC study found that test prep courses and online systems offered the highest gains overall, these options come with a hefty price tag and still only provided modest gains. With every method - courses, test prep systems, and books - some students experience high increases in scores, while others experience no increase at all. Parents and students must look at what each option offers and how it fits in with their overall budget, learning style, and test prep needs.

Hamlets Madness Feigned or Real Essay - 556 Words

One of the most analyzed plays in existence is Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, with its recurring question: â€Å"Is Hamlet’s madness feigned or real?† This question can only be answered through the portrayal of his character when he is associated with the other characters in the play. In Shakespeare’s play Prince Hamlet pretends to insane or mad, in order to thwart and baffle those who prevent him in his quest for revenge. Hamlet poses a viable threat to Claudius throne whether sane or insane, and Hamlets supposed insanity provides justification for detrimental action. Hamlet clearly has some tricks up his sleeve and has well thought out this fabricated madness. To begin, ever since the death of the King, young Hamlet has been what seems†¦show more content†¦Hamlet is explaining to the Horatio that he might seem insane, but does not want him to stop him, for it is his plan to exact revenge upon Claudius. Hamlet hints at this in order to give the reader a better understanding of how he is going to accomplish his devised plan. Rather then immediately acting with vengeance and murdering Claudius, Hamlet decides to take an approach, which satisfies both his principles and ambitions. His false face of a mad man is worn, highlighting a clear indication of the many deceptive faces, which will arise. Through Hamlet’s personal agenda, and his use of actions, he is able to maintain his conscience. He is definitely depressed, but he does not let it get the best of him. Prince Hamlet is still able to display characteristics of a quick-witted and cunning young man. He uses these skills to his advantage in order to ultimately kill the kin g who gained power unjustly. Furthermore, Hamlet uses his ingenuity in front of the Guildenstern one of the King’s moronic spies. After worming out their secret mission from the King, Hamlet lifts the veil for the reader in the words: â€Å" I am but mad north-north-west/When the wind is southerly, I know a hawk from a handsaw† (2.2.402-403). Hamlet is making it clear to Guildenstern that he is only insane at certain times and that he can distinguish between things that do not resemble each other. Unfortunately, for Claudius’s his imbecileShow MoreRelatedThe Madness Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1047 Words   |  5 Pages3 The Madness in Hamlet In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, madness is a condition which is difficult to identify whether it is genuine or fraudulent. After the encounter with the ghost of Hamlet Sr. and Hamlet, Hamlet decides to put on an antic disposition. But thereafter he decides this, Hamlet s actions embody someone that is truly mad. This is how Shakespeare makes it difficult to determine if Hamlet is truly mad. Although through his feigned actions and the reactions from others the real madnessRead MoreThe Madness Of Hamlet And Ophelia1296 Words   |  6 Pages11 December 2015 The Madness of Hamlet and Ophelia Psychotic behavior is prevalent in Shakespeare’s Hamlet as two of his characters, Hamlet and Ophelia, exhibit madness during the play. The play commences after Claudius killed King Hamlet, leaving him in purgatory. Hamlet, after discovering this fact, feigns madness, which he calls an â€Å"antic disposition† (1.5.192) in his plot for revenge to ultimately free his father. Ophelia, on the other hand, succumbs to madness after the death of herRead MoreThe Profound Impact Of Female Characters Of Shakespeare s Hamlet930 Words   |  4 Pagesand the plot. Gertrude, Hamlet’s mother, heavily influences Hamlet’s mindset through her questionable actions during the play. Ophelia, Hamlet’s former lover, has a distinct emotional attachment to Hamlet. She gets caught in the crossfire of Hamlet’s â€Å"antic disposition† and makes Hamlet face the consequences of his actions. Both females are crucial to plot development, and have considera ble influence on Hamlet’s thoughts and actions after close analysis. Gertrude, Hamlet’s mother, exhibits lustfulRead More Hamlets Madness Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesHamlets Madness Is Hamlet Mad? Not Likely. Madness is a condition of the mind which eliminates all rational thought leaving an individual with no proper conception of what is happening around him/her. Madness typically occurs in the minds of individuals that have experienced an event or series of events that their mind simply cannot cope with and, thus, to avoid their harsh reality, they fall into a state of madness. In William Shakespeare’s masterpiece Hamlet, there is much debate around theRead MoreHamlet’s Madness in Craft Essay868 Words   |  4 PagesIn Act I, Scene V, after hearing the ghost’s demand for revenge, Hamlet says in advance that he will consciously feign madness while seeking the opportune moment to kill Claudius. Therefore, it is hard to conclude that he coincidentally became insane after making such a vow. Hamlet’s supposed madness not only becomes his way of relating to the other characters during the majority of the play, but also that which develo ps his character as throughout the play. Still, the question remains: Is HamletRead MoreIs Hamlet s Madness Genuine Or Feigned?1671 Words   |  7 PagesJordan Avery Mrs. Joyner Honors English IV 17 December 2015 Is Hamlet’s Madness Genuine or Feigned? One of the most controversially discussed themes in William Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, is the theme of Hamlet’s madness. Shakespeare left it up to the audience to decide whether he was truly crazy or not. Although, there are many deliberate acts of fabricated insanity repeated throughout the play. Hamlet’s life events such as the death of his father, loving someone he cannot have, andRead More Hamlet’s Madness in Craft Essay887 Words   |  4 PagesIn Act I, Scene V, after hearing the ghost’s demand for revenge, Hamlet says in advance that he will consciously feign madness while seeking the opportune moment to kill Claudius. Therefore, it is hard to conclude that he coincidentally became insane after making such a vow. Hamlet’s supposed madness becomes his primary way of interacting with the other characters during most of the play, in addition to being a major device that Shakespeare uses to develop his character. Still, the question remains:Read MoreHamlet : Revenge, Uncertainty, And Madness1252 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s tragedy play surrounded with three major themes: Revenge, Uncertainty, and Madness. Throughout the play, the theme Madness is surrounding the protagonist, Hamlet. Although, nowadays, Hamletâ €™s madness is still an enigma to the readers. His words and actions are highly debated whether he is deeply submerged in the sea of madness or he is merely acting. According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, madness is â€Å"the state of having serious mental sickness, or showing foolish actions and completelyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Ophelia s Struggle And Madness1088 Words   |  5 Pages1 Pregnant with Madness— Ophelia’s Struggle and Madness in Hamlet Yi-Chi Chen Intergrams 11.2(2011): http://benz.nchu.edu.tw/~intergrams/intergrams/112/112-cyc.pdf ISSN: 1683-4186 Abstract Madness in Hamlet is one of the crucial themes for Shakespeare to depict the chaotic turbulence in the Hamlet family and the court of Denmark. Due to Claudius’s usurpation of the Old Hamlet’s crown and queen, characters such as Hamlet, Ophelia, and Gertrude suffer seriously from betrayal, resentment, and enragementRead MoreDear Friend Hamlet Essay947 Words   |  4 Pageshave been witness to your misery, triumph, and madness. I’m unable to tell if it was all an antic disposition? Or if were you really as insane as ‘the sea and the wind,’ both contending to be mightier in the storm? (4.1.7-8). I’ve come to the realisation that not everything that meets the eye is as it appears. A series of lies and manipulation have unravelled before my very eyes, ending in blood shed. Blood that is on my hands as much as it is on Hamlet’s. As his closest confidant, our bond was knitted

Increasing Students Knowledge On Nutrition And Physical...

In this article, according to the authors Slusser, Sharif, Erausquin, Kinsler, Collin, and Prelip, research has proved that children living in poor neighborhoods have higher risks of being overweight and obese compared to children living in upscale neighborhoods. In fact, one-third of children living in poor neighborhoods enter kindergarten either overweight or obese. The purpose of the study was to investigate the level of success of an implemented after-school health promotion program in diverse low-income elementary schools that were in Los Angeles County (LAC). The study focused on increasing students’ knowledge on nutrition and physical activity by providing valuable nutrition education and physical activity†¦show more content†¦The study involved 121 volunteer kindergarten students aged between 6 to 11years old. Within the sample, 48 students (27 female, 21 male) were part of the comparison group and 73 students (43 female, 30 male) were part of the intervention group. With regard to ethnicity, 60% of the total 121 volunteer students were Asian, 25% Hispanic, and 15% Others. The participants (both from the comparison and the intervention group) completed a series of questionnaires about their knowledge and behaviors on nutrition and physical activity at baseline (from September to June). The researchers’ al so collected data on the height and weight of the students from the beginning through the end of the academic year. The participants completed a series of three questionnaires. The Catch Kids Club Questionnaire, which was modified to measure the influence of the program on kindergarten students’ physical activity knowledge, perception, and behaviors. The Day in the Life Questionnaire was designed to evaluate students’ nutrition intake. Lastly, the Previous Day Physical Activity Recall was used to measure students’ physical activity habits. Researchers, in order to measure the level of students’ physical activities setup the questionnaires in a form of multiple choice, Yes or No, previous day behavior, and total daily

Methodological Auditing and Assurance Research MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Methodological Auditing and Assurance Research. Answer: Introduction: The management of business firm HIH Insurance Limited needs to evaluate different business risk that is associated to the firm. The lack of capacity to retain customers, high financial risk, decrease in financial capability as well as over trading of certain activities are some of the most common business risks that the companies face. The current analysis is essentially based on given case study on the firm HIH Insurance Limited. Analysis refers to evaluation of the functionalities of the firm HIH Insurance Limited that helps in analysing business risk of the firm. This in turn can help in conduction of proper judgement for the future period. On scrutiny, it can be observed that the business enterprise HIH Insurance limited encounters challenge of aggressive competition as well as implementation of costly strategies in the future period (Basu 2016). This study aims to analysis the current state of the corporate governance of the firm before the breakdown. This essentially requires i nvestigation of signals as given by the managerial authority in the process of determination of different activities for encountering challenging scenario. Again, the main concentration is mainly on investment of different shareholders and finances provided by different policyholders, this in turn, can help in detection and supervision of diverse asset risk. In addition to this, the investment strategy of the firm HIH Insurance Limited can be evaluated for assessment of the business risk that can essentially stem from underwriting performance. This can occur owing to different reinsurance policies compounded from asset risk for future purpose. This also makes certain neutral influence from diverse investment results gathered from risk profile referred to as the HIH Board. In essence, these attributes can be noted as the investment guidelines of the company. Intrinsically, the Investment Committee intends to frame strategic asset allocation suggestions. Current procedures involve cer tain limitations along with exclusions on different asset classes as supervised by the FAI. Addition to this, the Investment Committee also meet up quarterly in a formal manner for the purpose of assessing present process of allocation of assets (Eilifsen et al. 2013). List of several inherent risk factors that can affect HIH at the financial report level Integrity of administration of the business- In case if the administration of HIH Insurance Limited lacks integrity, then this can lead to poor status or else bad reputation of the firm specially in the business arena (Simnett et al. 2016). Expertise and experience in management, thorough knowledge along with alteration for stated period- In essence, it is vital to take into account factors such as immaturity of administration along with deficiency of knowledge extensively impacts the process of preparation of pecuniary report. Pressure on administration of organization- There are times when incentives for administration leads to erroneous presentation or else misstatement in the pecuniary declarations. In essence, this includes attributes namely cash flow issues, improper operating outcomes along with improper liquidity presentation (Simnett et al. 2016). Nature as well as characteristics of concerned business- The company HIH Insurance Limited has more than a few prospective benefits that can help in instituting reputation along with consistent revenue basis essentially for particular cases of inherent risk. Nature of business entity affects the capital structure strategies. However, this leads to augmentation of inherent risk for specific transactions with different sovereign party (Junior et al. 2014). Facts and findings of pertinent court cases that Anderson needs to refer to for determination of the likelihood of the partnership being liable to: HIH Insurance Limited primarily concentrates on different operational exercises of the Royal Commission for knowing different accounting factors. Arthur Anderson accomplished the external audit task of the firm since the period 1971 to the starting of the period of collapse during the year 2001. The clientele are hereby probable to acquire guidance concerning several audit risk subject to different cases as well as common regulations (Prakash and Sivakumar 2014). Essentially, evaluators play a significant role in the process of maintenance of effective control that in turn can help in avoiding errors as well as diverse mistakes. As per the case Pacific Acceptance Corporation Limited against the Forsyth, it can be hereby said that opinions of the evaluators essentially depend upon financial reports that need to be in compliance with requisite standards as well as laws of accounting. In addition to this, an appraiser also need to view at definite points concerning performance of duties in normal course of time. This can be related to operations of Kingston Cotton Mill that indulges in due care intelligence for analysis in the upcoming period. Again, auditors also need to take into account different debtors as well as creditors for any kind of assistance for utilizing different financial pronouncements (Bdard and Courteau 2015). Conditions that need to exist for existing negligence actions to be upheld Different conditions that need to exist for negligent actions are as mentioned below: Appraisers encounters certain difficulties that can be associated to the computer informational risk. This involves considerable alterations in computer information risk concerning conversion of novel systems (William Jr et al. 2016) Inappropriate allocation of financial resources is a condition or attribute in existing negligent cases. Essentially, members of the staff need to have requisite skills to carry out the operational actions at the firm Lack of support of the business entity along with poor focus in the final procedure of audit occurs in different negligent cases There is also huge amount of depend on essentially the computer informational risk. This risk is required for supporting different core businesses of the firm for specific operational context for higher inherent risk Auditors might fail to assess certain notions or else misstatements in financial statements because of negligence or else due to shortage of time (William Jr et al. 2016) Reliability along with intricacies lead to risks of commitment of diverse errors as well as misrepresentations simultaneously HIH can hire experienced assessors who have the potential to minimize the risks encountered by business concerns. Assessors might make use of different disclaimers that can helps in limiting liabilities from annual financial reports of the corporation HIH Insurance Limited. Particularly, these type of cases call for the need of proper attention by assessors and this can turn can lessen negligence (William Jr et al. 2016) Reasons behind HIH hiring prior members of external audit team The company HIH Insurance Limited appoints members for the audit teams for diverse reasons. Majority of prior members of external audit teams are essentially acclimatized to the operations of the corporation HIH Insurance Limited. Again, assessors need to have adequate experience for satisfying the financial concerns of the associated business concerns. However, administration of HIH Insurance Limited has the opportunity to function with assessors for development of strong association with the firm. However, in certain case if any erstwhile auditor become client, then there occurs risk that can be related to interdependence strategies (DeFond and Zhang 2014). Nevertheless, it might happen that former assessors are acquainted and are friends with the existing assessors for years and operating together simultaneously. Thus, present assessors are of the opinion that earlier assessors have great integrity and this characteristic cannot lead to any type of fraudulent actions. Advantages of having the same firm providing both the auditing as well as consulting services Auditing as well as consulting services by different external assessors plays significant role of senior consultant that can help in savings of cost. As such, the assessors intends to deliver exclusive solutions for different difficulties. Again, assessors also have the need for acquirement of knowledge and advise diverse solutions to probable clients. In addition to this, accountability of the assessor that can render effective consultancy facilities to different potential clients (Ren et al. 2015). Essentially, the assessors can become familiar with different financial actions at the business corporation HIH Insurance Limited. Circumstances that represent a violation of ethics standards The business concerns HIH Insurance Limited needs to abide by ethical regulations while undertaking functional actions in an appropriate manner. The major type of risk includes augmented inherent risk that stems from kind of relationship that are in line with trading partners. This essentially leads to different risks that occurs from recording of different financial transactions that are carried out for initiation of business actions of HIH Insurance Limited. In itself, pervasive business risk includes certain attributes namely, technical capability that is required by workforce (Knechel and Salterio 2016). Administration of HIH Insurance is accountable for arrangement as well as preparation of precise and at the same time fair reports explaining financial position of the business concern. In essence, corporate governance can be referred to as a scheme along with procedure that sticks to corporations that is monitored over different prudential actions. This helps in preserving integ rity operations over internal control framework at particularly HIH Insurance Limited. According to the Ramsay Report as well as CLERP 9, definite suggestions are put forward for improvement of auditing function. This necessarily renders arrangement of annual reports with necessary as well as warranted corporate revelations (Knapp 2016). Declaration from assessment committee recommends ways different matters concerning non-audit services can be taken into account. So far engagement is concerned, partner as well as review partner serve for a time period of around 5 years and are carefully chosen as Managers. As such, the suggestions offer distinct understanding of exclusive auditing operations for forthcoming financial years. Professionals from around the world habitually consider in providing assessment services grounded on financial declarations. Enhancement of the assessment functions helps in examining positive impacts for numerous auditing actions in the upcoming period (Furnham and Gunter 2015). Thus, it can be hereby inferred that the business concern HIH Insurance Limited encounters business risk similar to any other accounting firms. Qualified and professional assessors can effortlessly resolve as well as provide professional assistances to all the clienteles that in turn can aid in the process of accomplishment of impending goals of the firm. So it can be hereby mentioned that the given case study concentrates primarily on explaining corporate disclosures dimensions that are essentially consigned by the firm HIH Insurance Limited. In addition to this, this study also lists down more than a few inherent assessment risk facets that in turn can help in successful application of plans in the future in a proper manner. References Basu, S.K., 2016.Auditing Assurance. Pearson Education India. Bdard, J. and Courteau, L., 2015. Benefits and costs of auditor's assurance: Evidence from the review of quarterly financial statements.Contemporary Accounting Research,32(1), pp.308-335. DeFond, M. and Zhang, J., 2014. A review of archival auditing research.Journal of Accounting and Economics,58(2), pp.275-326. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W.F., Glover, S.M. and Prawitt, D.F., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Furnham, A. and Gunter, B., 2015.Corporate Assessment (Routledge Revivals): Auditing a Company's Personality. Routledge. Junior, R.M., Best, P.J. and Cotter, J., 2014. Sustainability reporting and assurance: a historical analysis on a world-wide phenomenon.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), pp.1-11. Knapp, M.C., 2016.Contemporary auditing. Nelson Education. Knechel, W.R. and Salterio, S.E., 2016.Auditing: assurance and risk. Routledge. Prakash, M. and Sivakumar, D., 2014. Information systems auditing and electronic commerce.International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences,3(2), pp.106-119. Ren, Y.J., Shen, J., Wang, J., Han, J. and Lee, S.Y., 2015. Mutual verifiable provable data auditing in public cloud storage.,16(2), pp.317-323. Simnett, R., Carson, E. and Vanstraelen, A., 2016. International Archival Auditing and Assurance Research: Trends, Methodological Issues, and Opportunities.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,35(3), pp.1-32. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016.Auditing and assurance services: A systematic approach. McGraw-Hill Education.

Female Ageism in the Philippines on Media and Television Essay Example

Female Ageism in the Philippines: on Media and Television Paper Female Ageism in the Philippines: on Media and Television A Formal Paper in Broadcast Communication 10 Abstract Ageism is a social disease that stereotypes the older people with the younger, or sometimes preference with the younger. Television and media has a responsibility in shaping this thought. This paper will explain how beauty is perceived as a factor for ageism, as well as gender discrimination. Two senior citizens were interviewed on what are their thoughts and feelings on how their idols’ roles changed from time to time, and subjects such as Gina Pareno, Jean Garcia were among their chosen idols. Ageism still exists in modern times today due to cultures and rational means. What adjustments could we do to resist from this discrimination? Societal influences and attitudes must change. The information in my report are gathered through research and interviews and some are subjective based. Introduction Ageism or age discrimination is defined as the stereotyping and prejudgment of people against individuals or groups due to their age[1]. The term was invented by US gerontologist Robert N. Butler to describe discrimination against seniors and patterned on sexism and racism[2]. Ageism is clearly visible to different societies, especially in the Philippines. On the other hand, sexism or gender discrimination is the act of labeling people based upon their sex rather than their individual traits and can also be the differentiation based on the sex of the individual. We will be focused more on age discrimination and gender discrimination on Philippine television and media. Gender and age are closely correlated upon being discriminated, and mostly women are the victims of these two phenomena. We will write a custom essay sample on Female Ageism in the Philippines: on Media and Television specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Female Ageism in the Philippines: on Media and Television specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Female Ageism in the Philippines: on Media and Television specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Why is that, when a much older woman is paired with a younger and handsome man is much more controversial than an older man, paired or had a relationship with younger and sexy women? These are just some question we ought to wonder and will try to find the answer with. We will first take a focus on the type of ageism will take notice of and discuss. That specific type of ageism: Jeunism and Adultism There are different types of ageism, and the ones’ we will be more concerned are jeunism and adultism. Jeunism is the tendency to prefer young people over older people. This includes political candidacies, commercial functions, and cultural settings where the supposed greater vitality or physical beauty of youth is more appreciated than the supposed greater moral and intellectual rigor of adulthood[3]. An example of this is making it illegal to fail to employ, to dismiss, or to reduce working conditions or wages of people aged 40–69, or a individual approach, preferring the younger or beautiful protagonist rather than a mature or old woman, and sometimes disgusted when paired to a younger partner. On the contrary, adultism, is that concept, where a predisposition towards adults, which some see as biased against children, youth, and all young people who arent addressed or viewed as adults. Adultism is popularly used to describe any discrimination against young people and is distinguished from ageism, which is simply prejudice on the grounds of age; not specifically against youth. Adultism is ostensibly caused by fear of children and youth. [4]. Conflicting to this, is when a star like Iwa Moto, a teenager given a role of a mature, is now being accepted and but sometimes rejected by the viewers. We will see their reactions later in the discussions. Factors that Shaped Ageism There are many theories that speculate on how ageism was developed, and shaped, and why the society has a negative image of it. Ageism grew and grew from societies and these are just some reasons behind it: The first factor that was postulated was the fear of death in the Western society. The Philippines, being colonized by western countries along time ago, adapted these ideas and cultures. As death is feared, old age is feared, and hypothesizes that ageism attitudes and stereotypes serve to insulate the young and middle-aged from the ambivalence they feel towards the elderly. This ambivalence results from the fact that the older adult is viewed as representing aging and death. This represents the most commoly argued basis for ageism. Another judging factor was postulated by Traxler(1980) to contribute to ageism is the emphasis on the youth culture in American society. For example, the media, ranging from television to novels, place an emphasis on youth, physical beauty, and sexuality. Older adults are primarily ignored or portrayed negatively (Martel, 1968; Northcott, 1975). The emphasis on youth not only affects how older individuals are perceived but also how older individuals perceive themselves. Persons who are dependent on physical appearance and youth for their identity are likely to experience loss of self-esteem with age. Society and culture also contribute to ageism. A society that values beauty, also values that to have or achieve beauty, one has to be young. There are some cultures that admire aged, describing wrinkles and silver hair as signs of wisdom, experience and maturity. However in the Philippines, it is highly regarded that the young ones are the beautiful ones. Productivity in our culture is most often defined as economic potential and how much you can give back to your society economically. Therefore, both young children and the elderly are usually viewed as unproductive. Children however are seen as â€Å"economic potential†. The elderly is seen as an economic burden or a financial liability. Gender and Ageism Women make up majority of the population, and due to this fact generalizations were made where, stereotypes with the older women traditionally stereotyped as inactive, unhealthy, asexual, and ineffective (Block et al, 1981). This can generally be countered as women averagely live longer than men, and must be that they are healthier than the men. Older women are also often viewed as ineffective, dependent, and passive. This represents an extension of the view of all women being ineffective, passive, and dependent, i. e. , sexism (Block et al. , 1981). Often times, women will find this role difficult to shake. This is particularly true for an older women whose sole identification has been with her husband (Payne Whittington, 1976). This image of the older woman can also be a self-fulfilling prophecy, particularly for new widows who are finding it difficult to deal with independence (Block, et al. , 1981). In addition, as female, women continue to experience sexism during old age and are placed, thus, in double jeopardy. How Youth is Promoted by the Media: Television In the form of the most influential and effective way of advertising, television, we are shaped unconsciously with ageism. Television and media promotes models, actors and actresses and stress to make the point of view of the viewers to show what is beautiful, the youth. There are only few commercials concerning aged women where they are put in the line on the activities of the young. It was perceived as unacceptable, even for the aged for older women according to my respondent, Mrs Rossana Reyesthat if Gloria Diaz were to advertise a product of like, Likas Papaya soap, would be less effective than seeing Kristine Hermosa doing the commercial. Moreover, according to Mrs. Luz Fe Ortiz, my other respondent, youth is more favored to be entertaining, but in some instance like her idol Ms Gina Pareno can exhibit such humor that even youth can accept her. She has appoint, where I researched that mostly the aged women are the ones’ being made fun of with such jokes that deal with death, decline, sexual inability. There are also negative depictions like being rigid, less open-minded, grumpy as seen in movies and soap operas. Responses and Feedbacks of Aged Females: I first interviewed Mrs. Rosanna Reyes( 52 years old), a nanny of our neighboring house, and an avid television viewer. Her favorite actress was Jean Garcia, and stated that she admires her because of her youthful beauty even though she is as old. She watched over her career in movies as well as the hit series Pangako Sayo, where Jean played as the antagonist. I asked her that if she was in favor of the current relationship of Jean Garcia with Polo Ravales, who was more than ten years younger than Jean, 13 to be exact. She said â€Å" I don’t really buy it, but I am against it, she doesn’t fit her as a lover anyway, I would prefer the lights of Richard Gomez or Aga Mulach being paired to her, but if she likes him then I have no grudge against her, after all she is my idol. I asked her what is her standpoint in ageism and replied sarcastically: â€Å"Sakitin kasi ang mga matatanda kaya pangit ang pagtingin†(Majority of the aged are sick and has unstable health, that is sometimes viewed and stereotypes them as unclean to the eyes) My second respondent was Mrs. Luz Fe Ortiz(63 years old), my friend and neighbors’ grandmother. Also an avid fan of television, and also accepts the modern style of television today. She cited that her favorite actress was Gina Pareno and Gloria Diaz, and was greatly impressed with Pareno’s role in her latest movie Kasal, Kasali, Kasalo where Pareno received awards for. She higly viewed that the aged today are very effective in comedy, as they are funnier (Dolphy) than the younglings(Bayani Agbayani) and has sense in their jokes. She was greatly entertained in the role of Pareno in the movie and stated that even if she was paired with a younger man, she was able to pull it off, and stand out, and as well be not disgusted upon. Mrs. Ortiz added that age does not really matter, and sometimes the older ones are the better ones due to their experience and work in their fields. However, both of my respondents arrive to a similar thought. The young ones are less ineffective in portraying a mature role, than an order actress playing a hippy or youth oriented character. They cited actresses such as Iwa Moto(Super Twins), Shaina Magdayao(Lobo) and Marian Rivera(Super Twins) due to their outside appearance as teenagers. Also they said that the face of their innocence speaks louder than their acting. Conclusion: Does Age Really Matter? What can we do? As we have covered, age really does matter, but depends upon concept and context. Ageism is highly cultural, or even worse, traditional. But I have realized and listed some things that we could do to minimize such discrimination: Ageist attitudes can be decreased with constant exposure and by working with older adults. The increase in older adults may help in an increase of positive attitudes in society. Personal contact with elders is a great way to change negative attitudes. Individuals need to identify their personal attitudes as ageist. Admitting a prejudice is the first and most difficult step towards change. A lot of work and studies still need to be done in the area of ageism. Many studies are inconclusive and remain incomplete. The media could help in achieving this, and last but not least, the current society’s influences and attitudes must change. References: 1. Nelson, T. (Ed. ) (2002). Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice against Older Persons 2. Kramarae, C. and Spender, D. (2000) Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Womens Issues and Knowledge. Routledge. p. 29. 3. Jeunism. Date accesed: March 13, 2008. from:http://encyclopedia. farlex. com/Jeunism 4. Scraton, P. (1997) Childhood in crisis? Routledge. p. 25. 5. Hypothetical Basis of Ageism. Date accesed: March 13, 2008 :http://www. webster. edu/~woolflm/ageismtheory. html 6. Ageism and Culture. Date accesed : March 13. 2008: http://www. deal. org/content/index. php? option=com_contenttask=viewid=585Itemid=690

Criminal Prosecution of Managers as a Weapon against Corporate Crime essays

Criminal Prosecution of Managers as a Weapon against Corporate Crime essays Which laws are broken in the current cases at issue' Recently, a number of headline-grabbing cases, such as the accounting fraud that existed at the Enron Corporation, have highlighted the role of management at various corporations and in the financial industry, in the commission of corporate crime. The role of accountants and the major corporate accounting firms, as well as the chief financial advisors of corporations and the management personnel whom may or may not be aware of illegal accounting activities, are now under strict scrutiny by the SEC. The Securities and Exchange Commission has attempted to become more vigilant in policing and prosecuting illegal activities in recent years. (Asarita, 2002). It is illegal for companies to release fraudulent or even misleading information regarding their company's performance. (Chartier, 2002) However, to a certain extent, these companies state that their managerial, non-accounting staff must trust' what the expert accountants sayafter all, that's why the accountants are considered the experts. However, it is also alleged that managers can pressure their accountants to release fraudulent information, which is illegal. But it is difficult to prove that managers or CEOs knew that this information was fraudulent, or pressured accountants to do so after the fact. Often, the pressure process is so subtle, the SEC has difficulty knowing who knew when, and who said what. Thus, a legal Gordian knot results that is Last year, the number of accounting fraud cases investigated by the Securities and Exchange Commission jumped forty-one percent, according to agency data, resulting in tens of millions of dollars in fines upon the offending companies to settle the charges. This jump is largely attributed, not simply to more creative forensic accounting techniques in discovering illegal accounting meas...

The RelationShip between Forensic Experts to Their Stakeholders Essay

The RelationShip between Forensic Experts to Their Stakeholders - Essay Example Influence of Forensic Expertise on the Society Forensic expertise affects many people in the society with regards to the needs presented to them by the society. Through this, a good relationship is born between the experts and the society especially the stakeholders. Due to the strong relationship made by the society and forensic science especially the citizens perceive forensic evidence as a much more trusted form of testimonial evidence than others do. The role of the media educating the public more about the forensic technology through television programs that contain forensic evidences makes the way the public relies on quality evidences on cases. Prosecutors depend on the results obtained by the forensic experts in order to plan on the next step in the case. Studies have shown that prosecutors take forensic evidence as a central pillar of plea and trial conviction (Peterson & Murdock, 2009). Furthermore the law society especially the lawyers use the results in order to represent their clients with facts to the courts in case the client is a complainer. Forensic technology has a vital aim in the examination and trial of criminal activities. Forensic science brings things to broad light by retrieving out facts before a case in a court of law, which influences the way, the jury and the judge will make the judgment. The stronger the forensic evidence the more likely the suspect to be fairly prosecuted according to the facts brought forward to the courtroom. Forensic evidence can be vital in a broad range of cases ranging from the study of the blood of a driver alleged of driving while under the control of alcohol drink or drugs. The good thing about the evidence produced through forensic science is that the evidence can be reexamined later using new techniques in the field. Even though the way forensic science provides reliable evidences in cases the activity of collecting the specimens for the laboratory tests is tricky and it needs a lot of concentration (Pe terson, J. et al. 2010). Obstacles facing forensics One of the obstacles facing the forensic science is the chain of custody and the preservation of evidence after obtaining them. Evidence acceptability needs lawful investigation and the severe loyalty to the chain of custody regulations including evidence collection, evidence preservation, analysis, and reporting which is difficult to be done by an officer while gathering evidence. The level by which the information technology is spanning the globe makes it difficult for the forensics make sure security is maintained. For example hackers and fraudsters use the internet to pose threat to the people using the internet (Adrian & Vorster, 2005). Solutions Relevant government should come up with laws, which will deal with the evolving computer crimes. The laws need to evolve around forensics ways of investigating of crime in order to give way to the transformation in technology. These laws should provide judgment to be given to computer criminals. Furthermore, new techniques of auditing should be introduced to cope up with the high rising of techniques used by hackers (Adrian & Vorster, 2005). References Adrian C. & Vorster, W. J. (2005). Legal Challenges Facing Forensic Auditing. Johannesburg: University of Johannesburg. Peterson, J. et al.(2010). Role and Impact of Forensic Evidence in the Criminal Justice Process. School of Criminal Justice and Criminalistics. California State University, L A Peterson, J. L. & Murdock, J.

Does sexual equality exists in our society In answering this question Research Paper - 1

Does sexual equality exists in our society In answering this question. Consider whether or not cultural equality exists, whether social equality exists, and whether biological equality exists - Research Paper Example The paper is aimed to discuss different issues related to sexual equality specifically the presence or absence of it. The different factors affecting the concept of sexual equality will be presented and discussed. One example is the exploration of the root causes of gender inequality. Ultimately, the study is aimed to determine the existence of social equality in the society. The study explores the presence or absence of sexual equality. It is a notion that in reality, sexual equality is merely an objective and a concept aimed for since sexual inequality prevails. In addition, the premises found in real societies can only allow for the existence of sexual inequality. There are different views that express the origins and reasons for sexual inequality such as functionalist and conflict theories. The functionalist theory is a way of viewing social inequality to be necessary on the basis of the functions of the different members and components of the society. For example, the role of men is different from the role of women, thus, they need not be compared. Instead these two groups that comprise the society should be view in terms of their complementary roles and functions (Tischer, 2010, p.254). On the basis of this view then, functions designated to every component of the society dictates the dynamics within that social unit. This trend is very evident throughout the history of the human civilization. Even in the earliest societies, men hunt while women attend to the children and the house. Sexual inequality then can be considered as the way of life of the people. What changed then since the said period is the view of the women regarding their role in the society. Due to the long history of having roles attached to the household, the female population became recognized and perceived to be better suited to stay at home while the male population works for a living. It then became increasingly natural to just assume that

History of Brazil Essay Example for Free

History of Brazil Essay It is a matter of fact that Brazil is a country of contrasts. One can easily observe that the development of this nation is incredibly uneven. Taking into consideration their past experience, the Brazilians are seeing some very good times as a nation. Certainly, they have overcrowding problems. However, each country has its own difficulties and tries to overcome them. Thus, the diversity of this country and its amazing history has brought a â€Å"mixing bowl† of culture preparing a bright future for Brazil. It is widely known that four major groups make up the Brazilian population. They are the Portuguese, who colonized Brazil in the 16th century; Africans brought to the country as slaves; various European, Middle Eastern, and Asian immigrant peoples who have settled in Brazil since the mid-19th century; and indigenous people of Guarani and Tupi language. (Skidmore, 131) Brazil is the only Latin American nation that takes its language and culture mainly from Portugal. Intermarriage between indigenous people or slaves and the Portuguese was a common phenomenon. Despite the fact that the major European ethnic culture of Brazil was once Portuguese, waves of immigration have greatly contributed to a diverse ethnic and cultural heritage. Admiral Pedro Alvares Cabral claimed Brazilian territory for Portugal in 1500. The early explorers brought back a wood with them that produced a red dye, pau-brasil. This is where the land received its original name. Portugal began colonization in 1532 and made the area a royal colony in 1549. During the Napoleonic Wars, fearing the advancing French armies, King Joao VI left the country in 1808 and set up his court in Rio de Janeiro. He was brought home later in 1820 by a revolution, leaving his son as regent. When Portugal wanted to reduce Brazil to colonial status again, the prince declared Brazils independence on Sept. 7, 1822. Thus, he became Dom Pedro I, emperor of Brazil. Harassed by his Parliament, Pedro I resigned in 1831 in favor of his five-year-old son who became emperor Dom Pedro II in 1840. Emperor Pedro II ruled to 1889 when a federal republic was established as a result of a coup detat organized by Deodoro da Fonseca, marshal of the army. A year earlier, while Dom Pedro II was in Europe, the Regent Princess Isabel had abolished Slavery. Abreu, 311) Dom Pedro II was a popular monarch. Yet discontent grew up and, in 1889, he had to resign because of a military revolt. Although a republic was proclaimed at that time, Brazil was ruled by military dictatorships until a revolt allowed returning gradually to stability under civilian presidents. From 1889 to 1930, the government was a constitutional democr acy. The presidency was alternating between the dominant states of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais. This period ended with a coup detat that placed a civilian, Getulio Vargas, in the presidency. He remained as a dictator until 1945. From 1945 to 1961, presidents of Brazil became Eurico Dutra, Vargas, Juscelino Kubitschek, and Janio Quadros. When Quadros abdicated in 1961, he was succeeded by Vice President Joao Goulart. (Abreu, 329) Goularts years in office were marked by high inflation, total economic failure, and the increasing influence of radical political parties. The armed forces alarmed by these developments organized a coup detat on March 31, 1964. The coup leaders chose Humberto Castello Branco a president, followed by Arthur da Costa e Silva (1967-69), Emilio Garrastazu Medici (1968-74), and then Ernesto Geisel (1974-79). All of them were senior army officers. Geisel began a liberalization that was carried further by his successor, General Joao Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo (1979-85). In the last of a long series of military coups, General Joao Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo became president in 1979. He pledged a return to democracy in 1985. Figueiredo not only allowed the return of politicians exiled or banned from political activity during the 1960s and 1970s, yet also permitted them to run for state and federal offices in 1982. (Alden, 284) However, at the same time, the Electoral College consisting of all members of Congress and also six delegates chosen from each state continued its activities of choosing the president. The election of Tancredo Neves on January 15, 1985, the first civilian president since 1964, brought a nationwide wave of optimism and activity. He was elected from the opposition Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB). (Alden, 287) However, when Neves died on April 21, Vice President Sarney became president. The latter was widely distrusted because he had previously been a devoted member of the military regimes political party. Collor de Mello won the election of late 1989 with 53% of the vote in the first direct presidential election in his 29 years. (Abreu, 378) Mello promised to lower the persistent hyperinflation by following the path of free-market economics. Having faced impeachment by Congress because of a corruption scandal in December 1992, Mello finally resigned. Vice President Itamar Franco took his place and assumed the presidency. Fernando Cardoso, a former finance minister, won the presidency in the October 1994 election having 54% of the vote. He took office on January 1, 1995. (Skidmore, 232) Cardoso has organized the disposal of bad government-owned monopolies in the electrical power, telecommunication, port, railway, mining, and banking industries. His timely proposals to Congress included constitutional amendments in order to open the Brazilian economy to greater foreign participation and to implement such sweeping reforms as social security, government administration, and taxation so as to reduce excessive public sector spending and considerably improve government efficiency. Alden, 298) During his short time in the office, Cardosos economic wisdom has made a measurable progress in overcoming Brazils poverty level. It is remarkable to observe how the Brazilian government makes certain efforts in order to address basic needs of its people such as education, distribution of meals, health care, and the promotion of childrens rights. Co-signed by the President of Brazil and 24 state governors, the Pact for the Children is intended to fully implement the constitutional and legal obligations providing for protection of children and adolescents. Several federal agencies supervise the execution of government programs for children and adolescents aimed to give Brazilian youth opportunities for a better life, shelter, education, and love. Thus, if not forgetting about the past mistakes and taking care of its nation, the Brazilians will surely come to the brightest future.

An essay on alduous huxley :: essays research papers

An essay on Alduous Huxley The subject of Alduous Huxley is a controversial issue. At one stage or another, every man woman or child will be faced with the issue of Alduous Huxley. While it has been acknowledged that it has an important part to play in the development of man, there are just not enough blues songs written about Alduous Huxley. Inevitably Alduous Huxley is often misunderstood by the upper echelons of progressive service sector organisations, who just don't like that sort of thing. Keeping all of this in mind, in this essay I will examine the major issues. Social Factors Society is a simple word with a very complex definition. When blues legend 'Bare Foot D' remarked 'awooooh eeee only my dawg understands me' [1] he was clearly refering to the impact of Alduous Huxley on today's society. Much has been said about the influence of the media on Alduous Huxley. Observers claim it cleary plays a significant role amongst the developing middle classes. Our post-literate society, more than ever before, relies upon Alduous Huxley. It grows stonger every day. Economic Factors We no longer live in a world which barters 'I'll give you three cows for that hat, it’s lovely.' Our existance is a generation which cries 'Hat - $20.' We will study the Spanish-Armada model, a lovely model. Transport Costs Alduous Huxley Clearly the graphs demonstrates a strong correlation. Why is this? My personal view is that transport costs sings a very different tune. Perhaps to coin a phrase Alduous Huxleyeconomics will be the buzz word of the century Political Factors No man is an island, but what of politics? Comparing current political thought with that held just ten years ago is like comparing night and day. Consider this, spoken at the tender age of 14 by the famous political Achilles Shandy 'Man's greatest enemy is complacency with regards to personal and political hygiene.' [2] Considered by many to be one of the 'Founding Fathers' of Alduous Huxley, his words cannot be over-looked. If I may be as bold as to paraphrase, he was saying that 'political ideals are built on the solid cornerstone of Alduous Huxley.' Is Alduous Huxley politically correct, in every sense? An essay on alduous huxley :: essays research papers An essay on Alduous Huxley The subject of Alduous Huxley is a controversial issue. At one stage or another, every man woman or child will be faced with the issue of Alduous Huxley. While it has been acknowledged that it has an important part to play in the development of man, there are just not enough blues songs written about Alduous Huxley. Inevitably Alduous Huxley is often misunderstood by the upper echelons of progressive service sector organisations, who just don't like that sort of thing. Keeping all of this in mind, in this essay I will examine the major issues. Social Factors Society is a simple word with a very complex definition. When blues legend 'Bare Foot D' remarked 'awooooh eeee only my dawg understands me' [1] he was clearly refering to the impact of Alduous Huxley on today's society. Much has been said about the influence of the media on Alduous Huxley. Observers claim it cleary plays a significant role amongst the developing middle classes. Our post-literate society, more than ever before, relies upon Alduous Huxley. It grows stonger every day. Economic Factors We no longer live in a world which barters 'I'll give you three cows for that hat, it’s lovely.' Our existance is a generation which cries 'Hat - $20.' We will study the Spanish-Armada model, a lovely model. Transport Costs Alduous Huxley Clearly the graphs demonstrates a strong correlation. Why is this? My personal view is that transport costs sings a very different tune. Perhaps to coin a phrase Alduous Huxleyeconomics will be the buzz word of the century Political Factors No man is an island, but what of politics? Comparing current political thought with that held just ten years ago is like comparing night and day. Consider this, spoken at the tender age of 14 by the famous political Achilles Shandy 'Man's greatest enemy is complacency with regards to personal and political hygiene.' [2] Considered by many to be one of the 'Founding Fathers' of Alduous Huxley, his words cannot be over-looked. If I may be as bold as to paraphrase, he was saying that 'political ideals are built on the solid cornerstone of Alduous Huxley.' Is Alduous Huxley politically correct, in every sense?

Development Of Agriculture In Southwest Asia And East Asia

Southwest Asia is a region surrounded by seas and mountains and lies at the crossroads of Europe, Africa and Asia. Southwest Asia was the center of development of the earth’s civilizations. Towns emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia and highlands of Iran and Anatolia by 7000BC and some of these became centers of chiefdoms. The first efforts to form empires are documented and are used by archaeologists from different countries to reveal the processes that gave rise to these successively more complex socio-political systems. This varied geographical and climatic setting of south west Asia encompasses the natural habitats of wild plants and animals which were the first to be domesticated. The area was conducive for farming as well for hunting-gathering since its annual rainfall was over 250mm. Environmental changes occurred during the period between 11,000-9600 BC and recovery took 50 years. (Human Past 2005).  Plant and Animal Domestication Plant domestication – Southwe st Asia was very conducive for plant domestication especially wild legumes and cereals. The main domesticated cereals were wheat, rye and barley which began in the early aceramic period. This domestication was evidenced by plant species rye in abuhureyra, Jordan valley and southern Syria. Cultivation was intensified during the Neolithic period, which was around 8800 BC, during this time the climate was conducive and population had grown.Hunting and Herding – Southwest Asia’s potential for animal domestication was evidenced from the long-lived settlement sites and may have occurred after plant domestication at around the transition period of earlier and later Neolithic(World Archaeology 2007). The domesticated goats have been found in Ganj Dareh in Iran, sheep and pigs in turkey and northern Syria.Mixed Farming Economies: More settlements emerged during the period of between early and later a ceramic Neolithic period. The demographic theory which states â€Å"that the rise in population following the end of ice age forced people to adopt agriculture† seems to hold water although an agreement is yet to be reached (Human Past 2007).The Evidence of Ali Kosh: Ali Kosh lies in areas which are conducive for wild resources and domesticates (World Archaeology 2007). Successive strata indicate permanent and large buildings as well as increased cultivated and wild plants. The oasis theory which states that â€Å"The relationship between humans and environment is the key reason for agricultural development,† comes forth. Also there were few ecotones for supporting sedentary hunters-gatherers but many locations for domesticated species especially in the sites of hureyra, catalhoyuk and ain Ghazab.Social Exchange and Networking: This is the feasting hypothesis which argues that the desire for new things, new states, respect and recognition as well as ability to throw feasts led to development of agriculture in this region. Due to the fact that th e obsidian and marine shells were found hundred of kilometers from their sources serve as an evidence of exchange networks where communities are believed to have kept and used a proportion of the obsidian acquired and then exchanged the remaining for gifts to be given as tokens during parties. Part.2. Agriculture in East Asia.The Pleistocene- Holocene transition occurred in East Asia between about 14,000-6000BC. Climatical changes also made the plants and animals to change making the hunters-gatherers to begin harvesting and propagating new plants. Between 8000-6000BC farming differed in two areas, in the south, wild rice was domesticated while in the central china region millet was the major domesticated grain. During the last ice age (36,000-10,000BC), hunters-gatherers lived in open cares and river terraces in the yellow river region, presence of arrow needs at the sites was an evidence of hunting cattle and wild sheep whose bones were present.More wild millet seed resources arou nd shunwangpin, xveguan and shizitan, menjiaquan and nanzh vangton were evidence of farming. Although there are not true transitional sites to reveal adoption of agriculture by hunter-gatherers, there are many sedentary Neolithic villagers since 6000 BC. Cultural transformation is however evidenced by permanent villages, houses and inhuman cemeteries. Store jewelry, polished axes, wooden and bone spades were an indication of social strata at sides like dadiwan, cishan and peiligang.  Growth of Agricultural CommunitiesMillet farming in yellow river region intensified resulting into social complexity and formation of states. The yangshao culture in the loess plateau of central plains and dawenkon culture to the east emerged. The yangshao culture varied regionally but their sites share semi-subterranean house, millet storages and ceramics. While dawenkou culture concentrated around the lower yellow river valley and is attributed with population densities and social ranking. There gro wth of agriculture In these two cultures is supported by the oasis theory, Demographic theory and The hilly flanks hypothesis Sedentary settlements with increasing number of cemeteries and grave goods like fenshan bao and hujiawuchang around the rice cultivation region of yangzi river valley are sites that reveal conditions in early Neolithic(Human Past 2005).Between 4500-3300 BC villages increased and spread. Settlement was chosen near dry wetlands in order to facilitate the creation of wet rice fields. Houses were rectangular and made of clay, bamboo leads and rice husks and these villagers were referred to as the Daxi culture (World Archaeology 2007). Domestication of animals was evidenced from the identification of plowing at around 4 millennium BC. Presence of boat and sea faring technology support the believe of family along water routes. The major sites include chengtoushan and Daxi.Historical linguistics is one of the major methods that may have been used to test the idea of migration and expansion movements of farmers. This is evidenced by the presence of several languages and language families in East Asia.   These languages are divided into five linguistic blocks which include; austroasiatic, Austronesian, Hmong Mien, Kadal with Tai and Sino-Tibetan (World Archaeology 2007). Three of the major branches of Austronesian family are in eastern India, Vietnam and south in the islands o Indian Ocean. Wordings of the languages over east and Southern Asia are believed   to have originated from Asian main land (Human Past 2005). Archaeological evidence for the origin and spread of rice agriculture and crafts such as weaving supports this belief.Part 3.Comparing and ContrastingDevelopment of agriculture in southwest Asian and East Asia corresponds with the growth of human population as well as environmental changes. Early theorists argue that the growth of human population resulted to food shortage and hence introduction of domestication of both wild and domesticated plants and animals. Development of agriculture in both regions is supported by evidence produced by the achaeobotanists and archeozooligsts.The beginning of agriculture also corresponds with the reduction in the range of food eaten. This is because in most of the farming societies identified in the two regions, south west Asia and East Asia they grew one or two plant species on which they relied very heavily and equally then domesticated a small range of animals whereas the hunters-gatherers had a wide range of foods that they collected or hunted in their local environment. It is therefore evident that the hunters and gatherers in both regions consumed a good diet than the farmers due to variety.The oasis theory â€Å"the hilly franks hypothesis† which suggests that other than occupying a particular ecological region/niche, where plants and animals could flourish, the transition in agriculture in both south west Asia and East Asia, the shift to agriculture also i nvolved changes in human cognition and people developed, skills needed for successive farming. This was evidenced by emergence of complex social villages, which involved permanent housing, improved technology, and presence of storage pins.Demographic theory is also evident in both regions as to have been the driving force behind adoption of agriculture. This is because during the beginning of agriculture, there were population/demographic increase and environmental changes. People were forced by these external forces to invent/adapt agriculture. Theorists also argue that societies played a significant role in the domestication. This is because of social status. Cultivation may have been adopted in southwest Asia to provide food and drink to be consumed during competitive feasting and this is the feasting hypothesis.Evolution and intentionality hypothesis is supported by the belief that hunters-gatherers were organized through kinships that had flexible membership whereas the farmers had larger groups that were institutionalized with social destinations and due to these complexity there were accumulation of goods and hence population growth as well technological advancement. However, the development of agriculture in both regions deferred in that in southwest Asia was between the end of epipaleolithic and Pleistocene periods while in East Asia. It began during the Pleistocene Holocene transition period. Also in East Asia there was existence of many cultures unlike in South West Asia.Agricultural development began at the end of the last glacial age where wheat and barley were the first domesticated plants. Researchers argue that population growth and climatical changes were the major factors for adoption of agriculture but there are minimal evidences to support the argument since agriculture is labor intensive as compared to hunting and gathering. However, evolution social status, and emulation are other factors behind the development of agriculture other than p opulation growth and climate changes.References:Scarre Chris (2005), the human past. United Kingdom accessed online on 26/09/07http://www/thamesandhudsonusa.com/web/humanpast/links/index.htmlPerkins Phil. (2007), World Archaeology. United Kingdom, Audio CD transcript. (Track2) p6-14Assessment Booklet,  © 2007.World Archaeology: United Kingdom pp 4-6Perkins Phil (2007). World Archaeology Study Guide. (A251) the Open UniversityUnited Kingdom pp 16-17

Transgender - 1370 Words

Transgender/Transsexual Olivia Warehime Tarleton State University ABSTRACT A transgender is someone that believes that their gender does not match their anatomy that they were born with. Transgender believes that they’re in someone else’s body. For example someone that was born a male believes he’s a female and vice versa. Keyword: heterosexism, LGBT, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Prevention Why are people transgender? ACN, S. (2011, February 27). Health experts believe that being transgender is caused by many different things, but do not know exactly how a person becomes transgender. Then expects believe it’s a functions. Being transgender is not supply a matter of choice. Understanding what it means to be transgender†¦show more content†¦All of a sudden stop in the hormone intake and produce high rates of depression and emotional mood swings and occasionally suicidal feelings. When being transgender the main cause of depression is social predicament or social accepetence. essentially people expect one another to be and act like a boy or girl. Transgender adults or teens are much more likely to have suicidal thoiughts, they in not finding a partner, not fitting in with the gender they are. The best way to deal woith the depression of being transgender is to surround yourself with people who accent people being different. Transgender face all types of discrimination in nearly every aspect of their lives. Transgender are the target of rules crimes. They are victims or subtle discrimination, which is everything from rude glances on glares to disprovable invasive questions about their body. Transgender are not allowed to join the military and also face discrimination an ones work. Twenty to fifty percent of transgender said they face employment decimation, including being fired, denied a promotion or a job in general or even being harassed. Lawsuits claiming discrimination based on ones gender identity can be costly to the employer and there reputation. Transgender are harassed and discriminated at schools as well as work places. Reports show that while in grade k-12 78% of alarming harassment rates, 35% of physical assault and 12% of sexual violence. TransgenderShow MoreRelatedTransgender Prisoners And Transgender Inmates Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesAmongst the inmates mistreated, transgender prisoners are challenged in many ways with abuse, misconduct, and discrimination. Transgender individuals are people who do not identify themselves with the gender that was assigned at birth. The high-risk profile of being a transgender inmate in prison strikes for deep concern and something needs to be done. II. Purpose of paper Prison personnel have not been doing much to secure the safety and well-being of transgender inmates. Some even engage in theRead MoreTransgender Bedrooms And Transgender Bathrooms1028 Words   |  5 PagesTransgender Bathrooms Throughout the years, views of life have changed. Our laws have become more strict. Now they are trying to pass the transgender bathroom law.Why would this law need to pass? What people will it help? If the law does pass it isn’t going for very long, and it isn’t going to be a good thing. What do other people think about this law. If people really want the transgender bathroom law to pass, just maybe this will change that. Transgender bathrooms are dull and unsafe. What kindRead MoreTransgenders2381 Words   |  10 PagesDEFINITIONS According to Hagg and Fellows (2007:4), sex generally refers to anatomy and biology such as male or female, whereas gender refers to the qualities and behaviours society expects from a boy or girl, a man or woman. The definition of transgender refers to a person having no identification with, or no presentation as, the gender one was assigned at birth (Hagg and Fellows 2007:4). The definition of transsexual in Hagg and Fellows (2007:4) refers to a person who had undergone a sex changeRead MoreTransgender Rebuttal : On Being Transgender794 Words   |  4 PagesTransgender Rebuttal: Hello there, I’m James Warmbier. I have to disagree with your sectionalism essay on being transgender. I disagree with this because transgender people are human beings just like us. They should not be judged for what they do with their bodies. In my opinion, it’s just another form of racism. And this country has way too much of that already. Unfortunately, in your life, there will be a lot of things that creep you out. Just because something ‘creeps you out’, doesn’t meanRead MoreTransgender Orientation : The Transgender Community Essay1854 Words   |  8 PagesThis Way There are many children throughout the United States that identify themselves as transgender. According to Webster’s Dictionary, the definition of transgender is (n.d.) â€Å"of, relating to, or being a person (as a transsexual or transvestite) who identifies with or expresses a gender identity that differs from the one which corresponds to the person’s sex at birth† (sect. Definition of transgender). Basically, that definition translates to a person being born one gender, but identifyingRead MoreTransgender People Are Not Strangers To Society. Transgender948 Words   |  4 Pages Transgender people are not strangers to society. Transgender people have been around for thousands of years. Throughout the years, transgender people are getting more and more discriminated. Providing transgender people with discrimination protection is exceedingly important. Transgender people have the same right to feel comfortable just as cisgender, one who’s gender corresponds with his or her biological sex, people do. Transgender discrimination has been on the rise for many years, causingRead MoreThe Transgender Bathroom Policy For Transgender Students Essay1778 Words   |  8 Pagesvarious states because of the presidents judgement. The transgender bathroom policy allows transgender students to use the bathroom they identify as and not by the sex on their birth certificate (Fox News, 2016). The transgender bathroom policy has both successes and failure to ensure safety for transgender students resulting to its change being for not only trans-gender. Gender neutral bathrooms allows safety for those who are not only transgender, but also a part of the LGBTQ community, etc. but itRead MoreThe Transgender Community1071 Words   |  5 PagesThe transgender community should have the right to use the restroom of the gender they identity with or have an alternate choice, some people many agree that is would be a dangerous liability, but some people may even agree to proving gender neutral restrooms. In dangerous of a person of the opposite sex using the restroom they prefer are very obvious, but is every person out to cause dangerous to other people in the restroom. Some people’s gender evolves differently, and might not fit rigid traditionalRead MoreHistory of Transgender9448 Words   |  38 PagesA time-line of transgender identities.  © 1999 Drs. Arianne van der Ven Contents Summery 2 Introduction: The development of gender as we know it How does history relate to us? 3 From a one-gender system to a two-gender system, and on to ‘third sex’ categories. 3 Some specifics of gender transitions. 5 Part I: Sexology begins. Transgender Identities before the 19th century 7 The early 19th century: Enters forensic psychiatry 7 TheRead MoreEssay On Transgender In The Military1189 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the United States Government will not accept or allow transgender individuals to serve in any capacity in the U.S. Military. Our military must be focused on decisive and overwhelming victory and cannot be burdened with the tremendous medical costs and disruption that transgender in the military would entail. Thank you. (@realDonaldTrump) Sparking a worldwide controversy, President Donald Trump reinstates the military ban on transgender individuals. On September 20, 2011, President Barack Obama